Tracción de tercer molar asociado a quiste dentígero y a nervio alveolar inferior: Reporte de caso

El objetivo de este estudio es presentar un reporte de caso de un paciente que presenta un tercer molar inferior asociado a un quiste dentígero, cuya lesión desplazó el diente hasta quedar inmerso dentro del canal alveolar inferior. Caso: Paciente acude por tratamiento de un quiste dentígero asociado a un tercer molar desplazado hacia nervio alveolar inferior y borde basilar. Se realiza una descompresión del quiste, además de una tracción de la pieza con ortodoncia para posteriormente ser extraída de forma segura. Conclusión: La tracción ortodóntica de tercer molar ofrece una buena alternativa frente a estos casos. Si bien la evolución del paciente frente a este tratamiento es favorable, falta evidencia que demuestre significativamente su eficacia.

The aim of this study is to present a case report of a patient with a lower third molar associated with a dentigerous cyst, whose lesion displaced the tooth into the inferior alveolar canal. Case: Patient asks for treatment of a dentigerous cyst associated with a displaced third molar towards the inferior alveolar nerve and basilar border. A cyst decompression was performed, in addition to a traction of the tooth with orthodontics to be later extracted in a safe way. Conclusion: Traction of the third molar offers a good choice in cases such as the one presented in this article. Although the evolution of the patient is favorable, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating its efficacy.

Comparación en técnica anestésica de bloqueo del nervio alveolar inferior en estudiantes de Odontología de diferente año académico / Comparison in technique to the inferior alveolar nerve in dental students from different academic years

Introducción: Se comparó la técnica anestésica con el nervio alveolar inferior (NAI) realizada por estudiantes de cuarto y quinto año de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago. El objetivo: Fue evaluar la ejecución y éxito de la técnica previo a una extracción dental simple. Metodología: Los estudiantes fueron invitados a participar y firmaron un consentimiento. Se realizó una encuesta que contenía un protocolo informativo para el alumno con los pasos por seguir, luego, al finalizar su atención clínica debía responder una serie de preguntas de selección múltiple. Mediante esta encuesta se evaluó cuántos estudiantes pudieron lograr un correcto bloqueo del nervio alveolar inferior con solo 1 tubo de anestesia lidocaína al 2% y cuántos de estos requirieron de anestesia adicional después de haber inyectado el primer tubo de anestesia, antes de iniciar el procedimiento quirúrgico. También se cuantificó la cantidad de tubos de anestesia que usaron los alumnos para realizar la exodoncia de forma indolora y cuántos requirieron de un refuerzo anestésico adicional durante el intraoperatorio. Así se pudo realizar un análisis comparativo entre ambas generaciones de alumnos en relación con el empleo de la técnica anestésica. Resultados: De los 104 encuestados se obtuvo que un 57% de los estudiantes de 4º y un 65% de los de 5º año, lograron una correcta técnica anestésica al NAI con 1 solo tubo de anestesia. Conclusión: No existieron diferencias significativas con respecto al año académico y las variables estudiadas, exceptuando la necesidad de un refuerzo anestésico posterior a la comprobación de una técnica anestésica exitosa, donde los alumnos de 4to año necesitaron efectuar un mayor control del dolor intraoperatorio.

Introduction: The anesthetic technique to the inferior alveolar nerve (NAI) was compared between the performance by fourthand fifth-year students of the Dentistry career at the Andrés Bello University, Santiago. Objective: Was to evaluate the performance and success of the technique before a simple dental extraction. Methods: The students invited to participate signed an informed consent. A survey was conducted that contained an informative protocol for the student with the steps to follow, then, at the end of their clinical care, had to answer a series of multiple-choice questions. Through this survey, it was evaluated how many students could achieve a correct inferior alveolar nerve block with only 1 tube of anesthesia lidocaine 2% and how many required additional anesthesia after having injected the first tube of anesthesia, before starting the surgical procedure. Also, the amount of anesthesia tubes that the students used to perform the extraction in a painless way was quantified and how many required an additional anesthetic reinforcement intraoperatively. Thereby, a comparative analysis between both generations of students was carried out in relation to the use of the anesthetic technique. Results: Of the 104 participants, it was found that 57% of the 4th year students and 65% of the 5th year students achieved a correct anesthetic technique at the NAI with a single tube of anesthesia. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in relation to the academic year completed and the variables studied except for the need for anesthetic reinforcement after a successful anesthetic technique, where 4th year students needed to perform more intraoperative pain control.

Analyses of Mortality and Prevalence of Cerebrovascular Disease in Colombia, South America (2014-2016): A Cross-Sectional and Ecological Study.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the second cause of death and the first cause of disability worldwide. However, although numerous reports regarding stroke epidemiology in Latin America have been published, they differ widely in terms of employed methods and end points. This is the first of a series of articles that describes the epidemiology of stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in the nation, as well as their correlation with recognized risk factors and social variables. METHODS: Descriptive analyses were performed using the Colombian vital registration system and social security information system as primary data sources. Rates and ratios were calculated, corrected for under-registration, and standardized. Secondary analyses were made using data from national surveys and government organizations on hypertension, diabetes mellitus, sedentarism, obesity, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and unsatisfied basic needs. Factorial multivariate multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate correlations. Concentration curves and indices were calculated to evaluate for inequities in the distribution of events. RESULTS: Global CVD had a national mortality rate and a prevalence ratio of 28 and 142 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage had the highest mortality rate (ie, 15 per 100,000), while cerebral infarction and transitory cerebral ischemia had the highest prevalence ratios (ie, 28 and 29 per 100,000, respectively). Hypertension and tobacco use were the most relevant risk factors for most of the simple and multiple models, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy and nonpyogenous intracranial venous thrombosis were the disease categories with the most socially unequal distribution of deaths and cases (ie, concentration indices of .34 and .29, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CVDs are a cause for concern in Colombia and a marker of healthcare inequality and social vulnerability. Nationwide control of risk factors such as hypertension and tobacco use, as well as the design and conduct of public policy focused on the vulnerable and medically underserved regions and on standardizing mandatory CVD registries might ease its burden.

Tumor neuroendocrino primario testicular: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Primary neuroendocrine tumor of the testis. A case report and literature review

Los tumores neuroendocrinos primarios del testículo son una entidad muy infrecuente, dando cuenta del 1% de las neoplasias testicu-lares. Clínicamente se presentan indolentes, por una masa testicular. En tumores localizados, rara vez presentan síndrome carcinoide. La orquiectomía radical es el tratamiento de elección; el pronóstico es excelente en etapas precoces. Las terapias adyuvantes no han mostrado utilidad.Se presenta un caso de un hombre de 53 años con una masa testicular palpable de larga evolución. Se realiza orquiectomía radical. La biopsia muestra un tumor neuroendocrino bien diferenciado. Sin evidencia de metástasis en etapificación. Se define en comité onco-lógico, realizar seguimiento.

Empatía y estudiantes de kinesiología / Empathy in students of Kinesiology

RESUMEN Introducción: la empatía es un concepto importante en la interacción entre el profesional kinesiólogo y el paciente. Objetivo: determinar los niveles de empatía en estudiantes de kinesiología en los factores curso y género de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Atacama (Chile) en noviembre 2018. Métodos: estudio exploratorio, transversal. Se estudió una muestra de 191 estudiantes. Se empleó la escala de Empatía de Jefferson. Fueron estimadas la mediana, cuartil 1 y 3, diferencia intercuartílica e intervalo de confianza de la mediana. Se estudiaron las posibles diferencias en la empatía mediante pruebas no paramétricas (Mediana de Mood). Resultados: hubo diferencias en la empatía en el factor curso. La empatía no se diferenció en el género. Conclusiones: los niveles de empatía, pasión son diferentes entre los cursos y no existen diferencias de empatía entre los géneros.

ABSTRACT Introduction: empathy is an important concept in the interaction between the Kinesiologist and the patient. Objective: to determine the levels of empathy in students of Kinesiology considering the variables course and gender from the School of Health Sciences, University of Atacama (Chile) in November 2018. Methods: exploratory and cross-sectional study. A sample of 191 students was included in the study. The Jefferson's Empathy scale was used. The median, quartile 1 and 3, inter-quartile difference and confidence interval of the median were estimated. The possible differences regarding empathy were studied using nonparametric tests (Mood Median). Results: there were differences in empathy in the course variable. Empathy was not different concerning gender variable. Conclusions: levels of empathy, along with the levels of interest showed differences between courses and there are no differentiation concerning empathy between genders.

Advantages of using a detachable-tip microcatheter and liquid embolic agents in the preoperative embolization of a recurrent cerebellar hemangioblastoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The preferred treatment for intracranial hemangioblastomas is surgical resection with or without preoperative embolization, however, embolization remains controversial due to risks such as distal tip entrapment, vascular injury during navigation, and embolic agent migration. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 54-year-old woman was admitted for surgical resection and preoperative embolization of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Although experience using Onyx with detachable and nondetachable tip microcatheters has been well reported in a variety of clinical circumstances, we describe the first case of a presurgical embolization of an intra-axial tumor using a second-generation detachable-tip microcatheter and a nonadhesive liquid embolic agent. Following the procedure, a nearly complete angiographic obliteration was achieved, as well as a successful subsequent surgical resection. CONCLUSION: Preoperative embolization with detachable-tip microcatheters and liquid embolic agents should be taken into consideration when assessing patients with hemangioblastomas of the posterior fossa due to the reduced risks of cardiac arrest, hemorrhage, and death.